Types of diplomacy
There are 136 uses of the term diplomacy in three contexts:
- Geopolitics and geo-economics (dollar diplomacy, gunboat diplomacy)
-
Topics areas addressed by diplomacy: digital diplomacy, development diplomacy, economic diplomacy, cyber diplomacy, AI diplomacy, energy diplomacy, health diplomacy, science diplomacy, sport diplomacy, climate diplomacy, education diplomacy, etc.
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Methods and tools for conducting diplomacy: bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, public diplomacy , and metaverse diplomacy.
| Types of Diplomacy | Diplomacy & Geopolitics | Diplomatic Topics | Diplomatic Methods & Tools | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AI Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Aid Diplomacy | ||||
| Amarna Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Ancient Diplomacy | ||||
| Animal Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Art Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Big Stick Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Bilateral Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Biodiversity Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Blockchain Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Byzantine Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Cable Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Carbon Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Carpet Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Caviar Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Chip Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Citizen Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| City Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Civil Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Climate Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Coercive Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Coffee Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Cold War Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Conference Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Consular Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Covid Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Crisis Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Crypto Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cultural Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Cyber Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Data Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Debt Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Development Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Diaspora Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Digital Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Disaster Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Dog Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Dollar Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Dubovnik Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Earthquake Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Education Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Environmental Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Exibition Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Expo Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Facebook Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Fado Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Food Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Funeral Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Fusion Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Gastronomic Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Gender Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Gift Diplomacy | ||||
| Grain Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Grasroot Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Gulf Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Gumboot Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Gunboat Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Hard Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Health Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Hostage Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Humanitarian Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Hybrid Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| ICT Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Instagram Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Inter-faith Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Internet Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Investment Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Language Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Lunar Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Maritime Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Mediaval Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Metaverse Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Middle East Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Military Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Missionary Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Mob Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Modern Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Moon Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Multilateral Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Multistakeholder Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Music Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Nuclear Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Ocean Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Oil Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Olympics Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Online Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Open Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Ozone Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Panda Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Parliamentary Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Particle Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Peace Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| People-to-People Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Ping-Pong Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Pizza Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Preventive Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Proxy Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Quantum Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Region Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Religious Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Rennaisance Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Row material diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Sand Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Satellite Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Sauna Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Science Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Secret Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Semiconductor Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Shuttle Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Silent Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Soft Power Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Sound Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Space Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Sport Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Sub-state Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Summit Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Tea Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Tech Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Telegraph Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Telephone Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Toothless Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Track-Two Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Trade Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Triangular Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Twitter Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Vaccine Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Venice Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Virtual Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| War Diplomacy | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Water Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Web Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Wolf Warrior Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Wrestling Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Yoga Diplomacy | Yes | |||
| Youth Diplomacy | Yes |
Books on various types of diplomacy – Library of Jovan Kurbalija
Updates
Digital diplomacy
Digital diplomacy is important type of dplomacy
Bilateral diplomacy is a type of diplomacy that involves two countries or entities engaging in direct negotiations and agreements. It is a form of international relations in which two countries or entities work together to resolve issues and create mutually beneficial outcomes. Bilateral diplomacy can involve a wide range of topics, from trade and security to cultural and environmental issues.
Multilateral diplomacy is a form of international relations in which multiple countries work together to achieve a common goal. It involves using negotiations, dialogue, and other diplomatic tools to resolve disputes and promote cooperation between nations. Multilateral diplomacy is often used to address global issues such as climate change, poverty, and human rights.
Metaverse diplomacy is the practice of engaging in diplomatic activities and negotiations in virtual worlds, such as video games, virtual reality, and other online platforms. It involves using digital tools to facilitate communication between players, governments, and other stakeholders. It is a form of digital diplomacy that seeks to bridge the gap between the physical and virtual worlds.
Public diplomacy is a type of diplomacy that focuses on engaging with the foreign public to build relationships and influence public opinion. It is a form of soft power which uses cultural, economic, and educational exchanges to build relationships and foster understanding between countries. Public diplomacy can also involve using media and other communication forms to reach foreign audiences.
Development diplomacy is a type of diplomacy that focuses on the use of diplomatic tools to promote economic and social development. It involves using diplomatic channels to facilitate international cooperation and collaboration on development-related issues, such as poverty reduction, health, education, and environmental protection. Development diplomacy also involves using diplomatic tools to support the implementation of development projects and initiatives.
Economic diplomacy is the use of economic instruments to achieve foreign policy objectives. It involves using economic tools such as trade, investment, finance, and development assistance to advance a country’s interests in the international arena. Economic diplomacy is used to promote economic growth, create jobs, and foster international cooperation. It can also be used to strengthen diplomatic ties between countries and to resolve disputes.
Cyber diplomacy is the use of digital technology and communication to facilitate international relations and diplomacy. It involves the use of digital tools such as social media, websites, and other online platforms to engage in diplomatic dialogue, build relationships, and promote international cooperation. Cyber diplomacy can also be used to address global issues such as cyber security, data privacy, and digital infrastructure.
Energy diplomacy is the use of diplomatic relations to promote and protect countries’ interests in the energy sector. It involves the coordination of energy policies between countries, as well as the negotiation of international agreements on energy–related issues. Energy diplomacy also includes promoting energy security, reducing energy poverty, and promoting sustainable energy development.
Health diplomacy uses diplomatic tools to promote and protect global health. It involves using diplomatic strategies to address global health challenges, such as pandemics, access to healthcare, and health equity. Health diplomacy also involves international cooperation to improve global health outcomes.
Science diplomacy is using science and technology to build bridges between countries and promote international cooperation. It involves using scientific research, technology, and expertise to address global challenges like climate change, pandemics, and food security. Science diplomacy also fosters collaboration between scientists from different countries and promotes sharing knowledge and resources.
Sports diplomacy is using sports to promote international relations, peace, and understanding. It involves using sports to build bridges between countries, cultures, and people and foster dialogue and cooperation. Sports diplomacy can promote social and economic development, human rights, gender equality, and environmental protection. It can also be used to strengthen diplomatic ties between countries and to create a platform for dialogue on global issues.
Climate diplomacy is the use of diplomatic tools to address climate change. It involves engaging with other countries, international organizations, and non–state actors to develop and implement policies and actions that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote climate resilience. Climate diplomacy also includes efforts to build international consensus on climate change, such as through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Education diplomacy is the use of education as a tool to promote international relations and foster mutual understanding between countries. It involves the exchange of students, faculty, and ideas between countries, as well as the development of educational initiatives that promote global understanding and collaboration. Education diplomacy can also involve the use of educational resources to support international development goals.
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Training and courses
Events
The Power of the Unsaid – Diplomatic Communication in the AI Era (Workshop)
25 Apr 23 - 25 Apr 23
Serbia, Southeast Europe
Summit on Digital Diplomacy and Governance
17 Nov 22 - 19 Nov 22
Just-in-time capacity building for Rwandan Diplomacy
03 Oct 22 - 14 Oct 22
Science Diplomacy Capacity Development: Where Do We Go From Here? (WebDebate #55)
14 Jul 22 - 14 Jul 22
Science diplomacy: The road ahead in 2022 (WebDebate #53)
01 Mar 22 - 01 Mar 22
Traversing the Metaverse: A Caribbean Perspective
31 Jan 22 - 31 Jan 22
Digital Diplomacy Training for Diplomats – Namibia
07 Jan 22 - 21 Jan 22
Learning from the past, looking to the future [A historical journey #11]
21 Dec 21 - 21 Dec 21
The recent climate negotiations: A perspective from the Global South [WebDebate #52]
07 Dec 21 - 07 Dec 21
#Diplomacy: Internet and social media [A historical journey #10]
25 Nov 21 - 25 Nov 21
How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Global Conflict
18 Oct 21 - 18 Oct 21
Telephone diplomacy: Dialling the ‘red line’ [A historical journey #8]
30 Sep 21 - 30 Sep 21
[WebDebate #49] Emojis in public diplomacy: Best practices and lessons learned
06 Jul 21 - 06 Jul 21
Online
Renaissance diplomacy: Compromise as a solution to conflict [A historical journey #6]
24 Jun 21 - 24 Jun 21
Online
Global Media Forum session: Innovation by disruption? How COVID-19 is changing diplomacy
19 Jun 21 - 19 Jun 21
Online, Germany
Ancient Greek diplomacy: Politics, new tools, and negotiation [A historical journey #4]
29 Apr 21 - 29 Apr 21
Online
[WebDebate #46] Unpacking the EU’s digital diplomacy and foreign policy
06 Apr 21 - 06 Apr 21
Prehistory: The birth of diplomacy and early ‘technologies’ [A historical journey #2]
25 Feb 21 - 25 Feb 21
Online
[WebDebate #44] Diplomacy in times of COVID-19: The experience of developing countries
01 Dec 20 - 01 Dec 20
Online, Africa
RightOn #11: Communicating human rights: How to win the global ‘battle of ideas’
09 Sep 20 - 09 Sep 20
Online
RightOn #9: Access to Information and the safety journalists in times of crisis
04 Jun 20 - 04 Jun 20
[WebDebate] The gendered impact of COVID-19: Towards better diplomatic responses
02 Jun 20 - 02 Jun 20
Online
RightOn #8: Protecting the rights of older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic
27 May 20 - 27 May 20
Online
#SciDipTalks | Technology at the service of global health crises: Threats and opportunities
11 May 20 - 11 May 20
Online
[WebDebate] The UN response to COVID-19: Contributions, challenges, and lessons
05 May 20 - 05 May 20
Online
Embedding science and technology in international relations education and diplomatic training
16 Feb 19 -
United States
Master/Postgraduate Diploma in Contemporary Diplomacy 2019 workshop in Malta
04 Feb 19 - 13 Feb 19
Malta
Implementing the Water Convention: A look at the results of the first reporting exercise
23 Nov 18 -
Switzerland
Workshop: Language and diplomacy workshop for Serbian MFA
14 Mar 18 - 15 Mar 18
DiploFoundation at South African conference on African Diplomacy
28 Feb 18 - 01 Mar 18
South Africa, Africa
High-Level Roundtable on Diplomacy in the Digital Age: Revolution or Evolution?
05 Feb 18 - 06 Feb 18
Belgium
Master/Postgraduate Diploma in Contemporary Diplomacy 2018 workshop in Malta
05 Feb 18 - 14 Feb 18
Malta
Diplo at MyData 2017
30 Aug 17 - 01 Sep 17
Geneva Policy Immersion of the Capacity Development Programme in Multilateral Diplomacy for Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific Islands
07 Jun 17 - 17 Jun 17
Switzerland, Africa
Introduction to Digital Politics 2015: online course for Geneva-based diplomats
27 Apr 15 - 22 Jun 15
Online
[Webinar-2014] Diplomacy and the invention of telephony and wireless communication
01 Oct 14 - 01 Oct 14
Online
[Webinar] Diplomacy and technology in the Roman Empire: a focus on the Byzantine period
29 Apr 14 -
Online, Africa
Foreign and local University of Malta students visit new Faculty of Arts library
04 Feb 14 -
Malta, Africa
[Webinar-2013] Diplomacy and the invention of telephony and wireless communication
26 Jul 13 - 26 Jul 13
Online
Excellence in Diplomacy – Young Leadership Diplomatic Seminar
24 Apr 13 - 26 Apr 13
Serbia, Southeast Europe
Scenarios Building Seminar: Improving Cooperation in SEE through Developing the e-RCC
25 Jun 12 - 26 Jun 12
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Southeast Europe
Rome E-diplomacy Day
18 Jun 12 -
Remote Participation – Opportunities and Challenges for Multilateral Diplomacy
17 May 12 -
Switzerland
Training Workshop in Contemporary Multilateral Diplomacy and E-diplomacy
19 Mar 12 - 22 Mar 12
South America
Master/Postgraduate Diploma in Contemporary Diplomacy 2012 workshop
30 Jan 12 - 08 Feb 12
Malta, Africa
Modern Diplomacy For Small States 2011
26 May 11 - 04 Jun 11
E-diplomacy and e-governance seminars for government officials
13 Dec 10 - 14 Dec 10
Serbia, Montenegro, Southeast Europe
Diplomacy Goes Virtual: Inauguration of Diplomacy Island and Virtual Embassy in Second Life
22 May 07 -
Switzerland
International Conference – Challenges for Foreign Ministries: Managing Diplomatic Networks and Optimising Value
31 May 06 - 01 Jun 06
Switzerland
International Conference – Roma Diplomacy: A Challenge for European Institutions?
08 Dec 05 - 09 Dec 05
Belgium
Resources
2023
Conclusion of tech diplomacy study
Foreign digital diplomacy and tech diplomacy agendas have matured, with countries putting strategies in place to pursue their national interests. Tech diplomacy practice has become more structured in terms of policy and administration, and the extent of engagement in t... Read more...
2023
Other hubs of tech diplomacy
Many countries are planning to expand their networks to encompass major hubs of tech diplomacy, innovation, and policy discussions. In addition to the Bay Area, there are other tech diplomacy hubs on the territory of the USA, such as Houston, Chicago, Boston, and New Y... Read more...
Formal and informal tech diplomacy networking
The Bay Area is a lively hub with organisations and initiatives supporting exchanges between locally posted diplomats and other stakeholders. Below is a selection of such opportunities for exchange. Cyber and Tech Retreat Organised by Denmark and in collaboration with ... Read more...
2023
Tech diplomacy interactions in the San Francisco Bay Area
There is an overall agreement between tech companies and tech diplomats in the Bay Area that the conduct of tech diplomacy is crucial in building understanding between governments and tech companies, allowing for holding difficult conversations on the intersection of v... Read more...
2023
USA tech diplomacy and the San Francisco Bay Area
Since 2017, the environment of engagement in tech diplomacy in the Bay Area has changed considerably, as the USA has introduced new digital and cyber diplomacy strategies and has implemented administrative structures to pursue them. ... Read more...
2023
Tech diplomacy in digital foreign policy
Countries are increasingly implementing digital elements in their policies, defining national digital and digitalisation policies, and in some cases, have created dedicated digital foreign policies. In order to implement them, they create dedicated posts: from the firs... Read more...
2023
About tech diplomacy
There is still no established definition of the term ‘tech diplomacy’, neither academically nor in practice. Several other related types of diplomacy are widely used and are seemingly competing or overlapping with the term. These include ‘e-diplomacy’, ‘cyber... Read more...
2022
Rapport: Des voix africaines plus fortes dans le numérique : construire une politique étrangère et une diplomatie africaines du numérique
À mesure que le dynamisme numérique de l'Afrique s'accroît, sa participation à la politique numérique mondiale doit augmenter. Dans cette transition, les pays africains doivent composer avec les réalités géopolitiques de notre époque.... Read more...
Histories
Telephone diplomacy: Dialling the ‘red line’
The telephone, radio, and telegraph constitute the three most important inventions that have shaped communication up until today. The telegraph delinked communication from physical transportation and travelling, the telephone transferred voice over distances, and the r... Read more...
The telegraph: How it changed diplomacy
The period between the end of Renaissance diplomacy (early 16th century) and the start of the golden age of diplomacy and technology (early 18th century) was shaped by the Reformation and religious wars. Central Europe came out divided, while around it, new, more centr... Read more...
Renaissance diplomacy: Compromise as a solution to conflict
The Renaissance (French: ‘rebirth’) was a period in European civilisation immediately following the Middle Ages. From the late 13th to the early 17th century, it brought a renewed interest in Classical learning, first to Italy, and later to all western... Read more...
Byzantine diplomacy: The elixir of longevity
The term ‘Byzantine’ comes from the name of the ancient Greek city Byzantium which the Roman Emperor Constantine I (Constantine the Great) rebuilt and renamed Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), and in 330, moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Cons... Read more...
Ancient Diplomacy: What can it teach us?
In the third session of our monthly Zoom series Diplomacy and Technology: A historical journey, a masterclass with Jovan Kurbalija, we focused on ancient diplomacy. We started with the emergence of writing, one of the most important communication technologies in the hi... Read more...
Prehistory: Origins of diplomacy and early ‘technologies’
When did diplomacy begin? To find how diplomacy began, we need to go back to prehistoric times and look at the developments which nurtured proto-diplomacy. Behavioral sciences show that cooperation and peaceful conflict resolution are crucial for the survival and prosp... Read more...
